Which sterilization method is most commonly used for heat-sensitive items?

Ethylene oxide sterilization is the most commonly used method for heat-sensitive items because it effectively penetrates materials without damaging them. This gas sterilization method operates at lower temperatures compared to steam autoclaving and dry heat methods, which can be harmful to delicate medical instruments, plastics, and other sensitive components. Ethylene oxide works by alkylating cellular components, effectively killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it suitable for items that cannot withstand high heat or moisture.

In contrast, dry heat sterilization involves high temperatures that can compromise the integrity of heat-sensitive items. Steam autoclaving, while highly effective for many tools, uses steam under pressure and high temperatures, which can also damage items that are not heat resistant. Ultrasonic cleaning, although useful for removing debris from instruments, does not provide sterilization on its own; it is primarily a cleaning method. Thus, for heat-sensitive materials, ethylene oxide is the preferred choice due to its ability to sterilize without compromising the item’s integrity.