What are the steps involved in the chain of infection?

The correct answer provides the necessary components that describe the chain of infection, which is a fundamental concept in understanding how infections spread. Each step in this chain illustrates a crucial point at which an intervention could break the cycle of infection.

The first component, infectious agent, refers to the pathogen, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease. Next is the reservoir, which is the natural habitat of the infectious agent where it lives and multiplies, such as humans, animals, or the environment.

Following the reservoir is the portal of exit, which is the path by which the infectious agent leaves the host, such as through bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, or skin. The mode of transmission illustrates how the pathogen is transferred from one host to another, whether it be direct or indirect contact, airborne transmission, or vector-borne transmission.

Next is the portal of entry, which is the way the infectious agent enters a new host, typically through mucous membranes, breaks in the skin, or respiratory tract. Finally, the susceptible host is the individual who is at risk of infection due to lack of immunity, preexisting conditions, or other factors making them more vulnerable.

Understanding this chain is crucial for implementing effective infection control measures in healthcare settings and preventing the