For effective sterilization, the temperature must be maintained at what degree Celsius?

To achieve effective sterilization, maintaining a temperature of 121 degrees Celsius for at least 90 minutes is crucial, as this condition is widely recognized within the medical field, particularly in autoclaving processes. At this temperature, it is possible to achieve a sufficient kill rate for a broad spectrum of microbial life, including bacterial spores, which are among the most resistant forms of microorganisms.

The use of 121 degrees Celsius is pertinent because it aligns with the standard practice for steam sterilization. Steam under pressure at this temperature ensures that steam penetrates materials effectively, which is essential for killing pathogens reliably and quickly. In comparison, lower temperatures and durations, such as 100 degrees Celsius, do not provide sufficient heat to achieve sterilization. Furthermore, excessively high temperatures, such as 150 degrees Celsius or 130 degrees Celsius, while effective in some contexts, may damage certain instruments or materials commonly found in medical environments.

This is why 121 degrees Celsius for 90 minutes remains the gold standard for ensuring complete sterilization in medical settings.